Political Accountability and Transparency: Assessing Anti-Corruption Measures in Democratic Institutions Anshul Pathak

Abstract

Political accountability and transparency form the foundation of democratic governance, ensuring that public officials act in the best interests of citizens while maintaining integrity and legitimacy. However, corruption remains a pervasive challenge that undermines these principles, weakening institutions and eroding public trust. This research examines the mechanisms of political accountability and transparency within democratic institutions, analyzing the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures across diverse governance contexts. Using comparative case studies from India, Sweden, and Brazil, the paper explores institutional frameworks, digital interventions, and citizen participation in curbing corruption. The findings reveal that nations with robust institutional checks, open data policies, and active civil society engagement demonstrate higher levels of accountability and reduced corruption. The study concludes that sustainable anti-corruption efforts require integrating legal reforms, technological transparency tools, and civic oversight mechanisms.